Precise determination of refractive-index changes in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides
Abstract
A new method for determining refractive-index changes in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides is reported. The measurement process was as follows: (1) Diffusion profiles and Ti concentrations in LiNbO3 optical waveguides were measured by an x-ray microanalyzer. (2) Ti concentrations in the samples were converted into refractive-index changes using calibration curves which gave the relation between Ti concentrations and refractive-index changes. The calibration curves were obtained from highly Ti-diffused LiNbO3 samples, as well as Ti-doped LiNbO3 single crystals. As an example, the maximum refractive-index changes of a Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguide made at 1000 °C for 10 h were determined to be Δne=1.05×10-2 and Δno=7.7×10-3.
- Publication:
-
Journal of Applied Physics
- Pub Date:
- September 1978
- DOI:
- 10.1063/1.325537
- Bibcode:
- 1978JAP....49.4677M
- Keywords:
-
- Lithium Niobates;
- Optical Waveguides;
- Refractivity;
- Titanium;
- Interferometry;
- Microanalysis;
- Normal Density Functions;
- Single Crystals;
- X Ray Analysis;
- Optics;
- 42.80.Lt;
- 78.20.Dj;
- 66.30.Jt;
- Diffusion of impurities