The importance of diffusion and depolarization of electromagnetic waves by the ground in problems of retrodiffusion
Abstract
Theoretical models for studying the diffusion of electromagnetic waves by the earth's surface were developed and experimentally verified. The effects of electromagnetic wave depolarization and diffusion on retrodiffusion were investigated. A theory for the formation of retrodiffusion echoes was developed and verified using measurements obtained simulataneously by a zenith probe and a retrodiffusion probe. Ionization profiles were measured and their spectra calculated and compared with the spectrum of the echoes obtained from the retrodiffusion probe. Good correlation between these results show the diffusion of electromagnetic waves by the earth's surface as well as by movements of the ionospheric layers.
- Publication:
-
In AGARD EM Propagation Characteristics of Surface Mater. and Interface Aspects 18 p (SEE N77-32377 23-32
- Pub Date:
- June 1977
- Bibcode:
- 1977pcsm.agar.....G
- Keywords:
-
- Depolarization;
- Diffusion Waves;
- Electromagnetic Wave Transmission;
- Surface Diffusion;
- Backscattering;
- Echoes;
- Electromagnetic Scattering;
- Mathematical Models;
- Surface Ionization;
- Communications and Radar