Spread spectrum technology effecting military communication

Spread-spectrum communications are discussed with reference to military applications in areas such as multiple access, low-probability-of-intercept, and jamming resistance. Techniques are described which incorporate an increase in signal bandwidth (where the bandwidth is significantly greater than the information being transmitted), often resulting in improved performance. Attention is given to systems currently employing spread-spectrum methods, such as the military Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) civil Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS), and the TACAN aeronautical radio-navigation system. The basic spread-spectrum principles used in military communications are reviewed, including pseudonoise (PN) and frequency hopping (FH). The article also discusses time synchronization systems, various types of spread-spectrum technology, and suggested future applications of the technique, including: satellite and space communication, navigation, and radar.