Laminar heat transfer in ducts with viscous dissipation and convective-radiative exchange at the walls

A computational method of analysis is presented for determining the heat transfer characteristics of laminar flow in tubes admitting the contribution of viscous heating. Fully developed velocity profile is assumed. A numerical method is utilized which accommodates the combined effects of forced convection and thermal radiation fluxes at the walls. This boundary condition of general form contains those of constant wall temperature and constant wall heat transfer as particular cases. The solutions provide information for local and global quantities, such as temperature distributions and wall heat fluxes respectively. Representative results are illustrated graphically for a wide range of governing physical parameters. These results are applicable to the thermal entrance region as well as far down the tube.