Circuit considerations for TRAPATT oscillators and amplifiers

Avalanche diodes operating in the TRAPATT mode will possibly replace tubes in many pulsed microwave applications including proximity fuses, transponders, and phased-array radars. A number of general design principles are discussed, taking into account both oscillator and amplifier circuits. Attention is given to more stringent amplifier impedance requirements, more stringent oscillator starting conditions, biasing methods, and some practical circuit configurations. A description of an improved microstrip circuit is presented and coupled-bar and lumped-element circuits are examined.