Real-time Flare Detection in Ground-Based Hα Imaging at Kanzelhöhe Observatory
Abstract
Kanzelhöhe Observatory (KSO) regularly performs high-cadence full-disk imaging of the solar chromosphere in the Hα and Ca II K spectral lines as well as in the solar photosphere in white light. In the frame of ESA's (European Space Agency) Space Situational Awareness (SSA) program, a new system for real-time Hα data provision and automatic flare detection was developed at KSO. The data and events detected are published in near real-time at ESA's SSA Space Weather portal (http://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/kso-federated). In this article, we describe the Hα instrument, the image-recognition algorithms we developed, and the implementation into the KSO Hα observing system. We also present the evaluation results of the real-time data provision and flare detection for a period of five months. The Hα data provision worked in 99.96 % of the images, with a mean time lag of four seconds between image recording and online provision. Within the given criteria for the automatic image-recognition system (at least three Hα images are needed for a positive detection), all flares with an area ≥ 50 micro-hemispheres that were located within 60° of the solar center and occurred during the KSO observing times were detected, a number of 87 events in total. The automatically determined flare importance and brightness classes were correct in ∼ 85 %. The mean flare positions in heliographic longitude and latitude were correct to within ∼ 1°. The median of the absolute differences for the flare start and peak times from the automatic detections in comparison with the official NOAA (and KSO) visual flare reports were 3 min (1 min).
- Publication:
-
Solar Physics
- Pub Date:
- March 2015
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11207-014-0640-5
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1411.3896
- Bibcode:
- 2015SoPh..290..951P
- Keywords:
-
- Active regions;
- Flares;
- Dynamics;
- Instrumentation and data management;
- Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics;
- Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- 29 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables