Hinode/SOT Measurements of Flows and Waves in Solar Prominences

We review Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) measurements of flows and waves in quies-cent and active solar prominences. In quiescent prominences, Hinode/SOT observations have revealed a new mode of buoyant transport in the form of dark upflows that originate at the chromospheric base of the prominence. The upflows can take the form of large-scale (10 Mm) "bubbles" that rise through the entire prominence into the overlying coronal cavity, or they can take the form of numerous small-scale (1 Mm) plumes that generate from an apparent Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the boundary between the prominence and the impinging buoy-ant flow system. The episodic flows directly inject mass, magnetic flux, and helicity into the overlying coronal cavity, moving the system towards destabilization and eruption in the form of CMEs. Hinode/SOT quiescent prominence observations have also verified the existence of ubiquitous downflow streams and vortex flows confirming that prominences are far from magne-tostatic conditions. Tracking and doppler measurements of prominence downflows find speeds of 5-15 km s-1 and imply that the trajectories are not strictly vertical. Active region promi-nence studies find counter-streaming flows along horizontal magnetic field lines with velocities of 20-30 km s-1 ; upflows, downflow streams, and rotational flows have not been observed in these systems. Active Region prominence field lines exhibit transverse oscillations indicative of Alfv`n waves with periods of several minutes, amplitudes of 1 Mm, and wavelengths of 250 Mm or more. These properties are consistent with magnetic field strengths of 50 gauss or more at typical prominence density conditions and carry enough energy to heat the surrounding prominence/corona transition region (PCTR).