Divergence time shapes gene reuse during repeated adaptation

Repeated adaptation, also known as parallel or convergent evolution, occurs when different lineages successfully respond to similar environmental challenges. If the same genes are used by independent lineages during repeated adaptation ('gene reuse'), the genetic basis of adaptation might be predictable. Recent genomic studies have highlighted that there is variability in the extent of gene reuse among lineages experiencing repeated adaptation. Divergence time is a promising factor influencing variation in gene reuse in repeated adaptation, as it drives the diversification of shared genetic variation, genome structure, and gene functions among lineages. Genomic studies of repeated adaptation support the idea that gene reuse decreases with increasing divergence time. However, the relationship is complex, emphasizing the need for additional research to better understand evolutionary repeatability.