A Brief Review of Key Technologies for Cloud-Based Battery Management Systems

Key technologies in cloud-based battery management systems (CBMS) significantly enhance battery management efficiency and reliability compared to traditional battery management systems (BMS). This paper first reviews the development of CBMS, introducing their evolution from early BMS to the current, complex cloud-computing-integrated systems. It discusses in detail how technological advancements have driven innovations in CBMS, including data acquisition and sensing technologies, communication technologies and protocols, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning, digital twins, edge computing, intelligent decision support, system integration, and security technologies. For each key technology, the paper provides relevant definitions, functions, applications, pros, and cons. Then, a summary comparison of BMS and CBMS is presented, with CBMS highlighted for its advantages, which are supported by key technologies. Additionally, the paper discusses the current challenges and future research directions in CBMS from three perspectives: data, algorithms and models, and technologies. By reviewing these developments, the paper provides a foundation for understanding the technical underpinnings and future trends of CBMS.