Maneuver Detection from TLE Data: A Comparative Analysis with Emphasis on Romanian Contributions and Current Space Activities

In the ever-evolving landscape of satellite technology, the ability to effectively monitor and predict the trajectories of space objects is imperative. There is an escalating concern regarding the congestion of the space environment resulting from an increasing number of satellites, which poses risks of collision and the generation of space debris. Consequently, several countries and organizations have dedicated efforts to enhance space situational awareness. European entities, including the European Space Agency (ESA) and European Commission, have made significant strides in implementing projects focused on developing algorithms and systems for efficient maneuver detection and automated collision avoidance. In Romania, a burgeoning interest and investment in space sciences have been evident. With an evolving national strategy aimed at boosting its space capabilities, Romania has been an active participant in various European space programs. Romanian academic institutions and research centers have been conducting cutting-edge studies focusing on the development of a system capable of acquiring data, monitoring and analyzing a space environment. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis between Two-Line Elements (TLEs) and the pre-maneuver and post-maneuver orbital data collected by Romanian optical sensors. TLEs, as widely-adopted means of representing satellite orbit data, are advantageous due to their accessibility and standardized format. However, TLE data accuracy is often constrained by simplistic models and inconsistencies in propagation methods. By meticulously examining these distinct datasets, the study aims to uncover nuanced relationships, assess the accuracy and reliability of TLEs, and shed light on the performance of Romanian optical sensors in capturing orbital information during critical pre-maneuver and post-maneuver phases. This thorough examination and comparison of the data sources will provide valuable insights, fostering a deeper understanding of the strengths, limitations, and potential synergies between TLEs and Romanian optical sensors data.