Confident detection of doubly ionized thorium in the extreme Ap star CPD-62° 2717

Despite the Universe containing primordial thorium (Th) of sufficient abundance to appear in stellar spectra, detection of Th has to date been tentative and based on just a few weak and blended lines. Here, we present convincing evidence not only for the first Th detection in a magnetic chemically peculiar Ap star but also for the first detection of Th III in a stellar spectrum. CPD-62° 2717 was initially recognized as a highly magnetized Ap star due to resolved magnetically split lines captured in H-band spectra from the SDSS/APOGEE survey. The star was subsequently pinpointed as extraordinarily peculiar when careful inspection of the H-band line content revealed the presence of five lines of Th III, none of which are detected in the other ~1500 APOGEE-observed Ap stars. Follow-up with the VLT + UVES confirmed a similarly peculiar optical spectrum featuring dozens of Th III lines, among other peculiarities. Unlike past claims of Th detection, and owing to high-resolution observations of the strong (~8-12 kG) magnetic field of CPD-62° 2717, the detection of Th III can in this case be supported by matches between the observed and theoretical magnetic splitting patterns. Comparison of CPD-62° 2717 to stars for which Th overabundances have been previously reported (e.g. Przybylski's Star) indicates that only for CPD-62° 2717 is the Th detection certain. Along with the focus on Th III, we use time series measurements of the magnetic field modulus to constrain the rotation period of CPD-62° 2717 to ~4.8 yr, thus establishing it as a new example of a superslowly rotating Ap star.