MBOA based PV array interconnection scheme for enlarging the harvested power under PS condition

Massive penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the electric supply system poses several problems in the current era, as PV systems have become a feasible alternative to non-renewable energy supplies. On the other hand, partial shading (PS) is a critical issue that impacts the production and lifespan of PV plants. The interconnection of PV is an effective approach for dealing with the PS issues. It is accomplished by arranging the PV modules, based on their temperature and shading stages. In this paper, the Modified Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm (MBOA) is proposed to reorganise the PV array. Several criteria are used to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm, including mismatch losses, fill factor, power loss, and percent of power enhancement. Furthermore, the achieved results are related to a standard Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), SuDoKu, Competence Square (CS), and Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm (BOA). The highest increase in Global Maximum Power (GMP) has been attained by the proposed MBOA corresponding to the TCT array is 35.76% in the short wide shadow arrangement, while the least increase of 6.59% occurs in the short narrow arrangement. The acquired results reveal that the proposed MBOA's capability and predominance in optimising the shaded array interconnection.