A three-component giant radio halo: The puzzling case of the galaxy cluster Abell 2142
Abstract
Context. Turbulence introduced into the intracluster medium (ICM) through cluster-merger events transfers energy to non-thermal components, and can trigger the formation of diffuse synchrotron radio sources. Typical diffuse sources in the form of giant radio halos and mini-halos are found in merging and relaxed cool-core galaxy clusters, respectively. On the other hand, recent observations reveal an increasing complexity to the non-thermal phenomenology.
Aims: Abell 2142 (A2142) is a mildly disturbed cluster that exhibits uncommon thermal and non-thermal properties. It is known to host a hybrid halo consisting of two components (H1 and H2), namely a mini-halo-like and an enigmatic elongated radio halo-like structure. We aim to investigate the properties, origin, and connections of each component.
Methods: We present deep LOFAR observations of A2142 in the frequency ranges 30-78 MHz and 120 − 168 MHz. With complementary multi-frequency radio and X-ray data, we analysed the radio spectral properties of the halo and assessed the connection between the non-thermal and thermal components of the ICM.
Results: We detect a third radio component (H3), which extends over the cluster volume on scales of ∼2 Mpc, embeds H1 and H2, and has a morphology that roughly follows the thermal ICM distribution. The radio spectral index is moderately steep in H1 (α = 1.09 ± 0.02) and H2 (α = 1.15 ± 0.02), but is steeper (α = 1.57 ± 0.20) in H3. Our analysis of the thermal and non-thermal properties allowed us to discuss possible formation scenarios for each radio component. Turbulence from sloshing motions of low-entropy gas on different scales may be responsible for the origin of H1 and H2. We classified H3 as a giant ultrasteep spectrum radio halo, and find that it may trace the residual activity from an old energetic merger and/or inefficient turbulent reacceleration induced by ongoing minor mergers.
- Publication:
-
Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Pub Date:
- October 2023
- DOI:
- 10.1051/0004-6361/202347245
- arXiv:
- arXiv:2308.07603
- Bibcode:
- 2023A&A...678A.133B
- Keywords:
-
- radiation mechanisms: thermal;
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal;
- acceleration of particles;
- large-scale structure of Universe;
- galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium;
- galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 2142;
- Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics;
- Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
- E-Print:
- 24 pages (including Appendix), 15 Figures (plus 4 Figures in Appendix), Accepted for publication by A&