Molecular phylogeny of Thoracotremata crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura): Toward adopting monophyletic superfamilies, invasion history into terrestrial habitats and multiple origins of symbiosis

Thoracotreme crabs invaded terrestrial habitat through direct invasion route during Late Cretaceous. Secondary invasions into subtidal regions and colonization of freshwater habitats occurred in multiple lineages. Symbiosis evolved at least two times in Thoracotremata. Most thoracotreme superfamilies are polyphyletic and a new seven superfamilies classification scheme is proposed.