Examining EL NINO-SOUTHERN Oscillation (enso) in AN Ensemble View on the Arab Nations Utilizing Digital Signal Processing from 2010-2020

El Nino and La Niña are overall ecological eccentricities achieved by repetitive changes in the water temperature of the Pacific Ocean. Even though the El-Nino impact focuses on a smaller area in the Pacific Ocean near the Equator, these developments have global repercussions, where temperature and precipitation are influenced across the globe. ENSO warm or cold events, which occur at customary spans and continue onward for about a year, can provoke outrageous droughts in one part of the planet and cause obliterating floods in other regions. The intense drought of the past 50 years occurred in the 2015- 2016 El Nino period. It caused flooding and droughts worldwide, which increased food insecurity, market prices, and cereal deficits vastly in African countries, including Ethiopia and Sudan. In this work, we analyzed the existence of ENSO signal during 2015-2016 for Arab League countries and Egypt using Wavelet coherence and Fast Fourier Transformations (FFT). Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) of El Nino Region 3.4 and deseasonalized precipitation data for the Arab League and selected countries from 2010 to late 2020 are used to assess the wavelet coherency. The results show strong associations in periods corresponding to the typical El Nino cycles of 2 to 7 years for 2015-2016 in the Arab League but low coherence for Egypt. A higher number of frequencies obtained after Egypt's FFT of deseasonalized precipitation signal might be the underlying cause for the low coherence with the ENSO event. In the future, advanced signal processing techniques will be applied to reduce noise in the FFT signal of Egypt, and causal inference will be used to detect other driving forces of ENSO.