Toward Resilient Onshore Wind Farm Design: Lessons learned from damaged wind turbines in Pacific typhoon season

Taiwanese government has invested markedly in the photovoltaic and wind-energy industries in the hope of developing renewable energy, the economy, and the sustainable environment. However, owing to its geographical location, Taiwan is prone to typhoons that bring constant fierce winds in the summer. This study investigates the causes of the incidents and the mechanical mechanisms of turbine tower collapse and blade fracture to support risk prevention and hazard-resistant design of future onshore wind farms. Mechanical analyses via finite element method are carried out, and the structural mechanics of wind turbine tower and blade are analyzed with behavioral models to identify the mechanisms of the failure and damage. Based on the results, methods of reducing the risk of these accidents are developed, improvement solutions on strong wind resistance of wind turbines and their benefits are discussed. Recommendations on weaker blades being a safety mechanism for the wind turbine tower, torque capacity of the pitch system as well as the required strength of joint bolts to be installed in steel structural connections of tower, are made to help wind turbines withstand severe storms. The analytical results can provide a reference for stakeholders devising strategies for improving risk management and disaster prevention in wind power plants.