Multiple Ways of Knowing: Using Mixed Methods to Investigate an Emerging Geo-STEM Learning Ecosystem

Mixed methods research integrates quantitative and qualitative data to answer complex research questions. Where quantitative data may answer questions of "who, what, when, and where", qualitative data can help us understand "why and how". Mixed methods research may seek to explain quantitative results, generalize exploratory data, compare cases, evaluate programs, or involve participants in research (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017). By bringing together valid quantitative results with trustworthy qualitative interpretations, a more detailed understanding of the research topic can emerge (Lincoln & Guba, 1986). Furthermore, mixed methods researchers recognize how their own beliefs, assumptions, and relationship to the research and participants influence their study (Daly, 2007).

In this presentation, we outline how the mixed methods explanatory sequential design approach is used to (1) assess the state of Earth science teaching in Illinois and (2) investigate how a geo-STEM learning ecosystem could affect Illinois' Earth science teaching community. The explanatory sequential design approach stages the collection and analysis of quantitative data prior to the collection and analysis of qualitative data with the goal of explaining and expanding on the quantitative results. We surveyed Illinois Earth science teachers about their school setting, how Earth science content is taught, their knowledge of anthropogenic environmental change, beliefs about sustainability, and place-based teaching practices. The survey is composed of components of pre-existing instruments, original items, and demographic questions. Following the analysis of the survey, we interviewed a subset of the surveyed group about their professional networks. Using social network analysis and thematic content analysis, these interviews help identify the systemic and individual needs of Earth science teachers when establishing a state-wide geo-STEM learning ecosystem.