How predictable is short-term drought in the northeastern United States?

We investigated the predictability (forecast skill) of short-term droughts using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). We incorporated a sophisticated data training (of decadal range) to evaluate the improvement of forecast skill of short-term droughts (3-month). We investigated whether the data training of the synthetic North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) climate has some influence on enhancing short-term drought predictability. The central elements are the merged information among PDSI and NMME with two post-processing techniques. (1) The bias correction - spatial disaggregation (BC-SD) method improves spatial resolution by using a refined soil information introduced in the available water capacity of the PDSI calculation to assess water deficit that better estimates drought variability. (2) The ensemble model output statistic (EMOS) approach includes systematically trained decadal information of the multi model-ensemble simulations. Skill of drought forecasting improves when using EMOS, but BC-SD does not increase the forecast skill when compared with an analysis using BC (low spatial resolution). This study suggests that predictability forecast of drought (PDSI) can be extended without any change in the core dynamics of the model but instead by using the sophisticated EMOS post-processing technique. We pointed out that using NMME without any postprocessing is of limited use in the suite of model variations of the NMME, at least for the US Northeast. From our analysis, 1-month is the most extended range we should expect, which is below the range of the seasonal scale presented with EMOS (2-month). Thus, we propose a new design of drought forecasts that explicitly includes the multi-model ensemble signal.