Measurements of ice nucleating activity of high latitude dust and black carbon in Iceland

Heterogenous ice nucleation is key for ice cloud formation, snowfall, and freezing of water bodies. Ice nucleating particles (INP) are one of the largest uncertainties in Earth's Energy Budget. Although INP are key in the development of mixed phased and glaciated clouds, little is known about their composition or sources. Previous studies have shown mixed results on the potential of light absorbing particles (LAP), such as black carbon and high latitude dust dust (HLD), as an INP. Laboratory or model generated particles may not represent the complex morphology and behaviors of ambient light absorbing particles. Surface snow samples, collected during Spring 2017 in Svínafellsjökul, were analyzed by an immersion freezing mechanism. Portions of the filtered samples were con- centrated by lyophilization to observe potential enhancement of INA. We investigated environmental samples of deposited LAP to better understand their ice nucleating activity of HLD and BC in ice nucleating activity in mixed-phased clouds in Iceland.