Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total's responses to global warming, 1971–2021
Abstract
Archives, interviews used to trace Total's engagement with global warming since 1970s. Total or predecessors aware of harmful global warming impacts since at least 1971. Total engaged in overt denial of climate science in late 1980s, early 1990s. Various postures and strategies pursued by Total other than overt science denial. IPIECA played key role in coordinating international oil industry beginning in 1980s.
- Publication:
-
Global Environmental Change
- Pub Date:
- November 2021
- DOI:
- Bibcode:
- 2021GEC....7102386B
- Keywords:
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- Oil industry;
- Climate change;
- Global warming;
- Agnotology;
- Denial;
- Public relations