Environmental crimes in extractive activities: Explanations for low enforcement effectiveness in the case of illegal gold mining in Madre de Dios, Peru
Abstract
Peruvian laws about illegal mining include ambiguities and complexities that result in low enforcement effectiveness. Centralized allocation of resources undermines funding of local and regional authorities. Weak collaboration among governmental agencies undermines enforcement effectiveness.
- Publication:
-
Extractive Industries and Society
- Pub Date:
- March 2021
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.exis.2020.12.009
- Bibcode:
- 2021ExIS....8..331E
- Keywords:
-
- Enforcement;
- Environmental crimes;
- Illegal mining;
- Peru;
- ACAFMIRA;
- High Commission for Mining Formalization;
- Interdiction of Illegal Mining and Environmental Remediation;
- ASGM;
- Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining;
- ASM;
- Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining;
- DREMH;
- Regional Directorate of Energy;
- Mines and Hydrocarbons;
- EIA;
- Environmental impact assessment;
- GOREMAD;
- Regional Government of Madre de Dios;
- INGEMMET;
- Institute of Geology;
- Mining and Metallurgy;
- LD;
- Legislative Decree;
- MDD;
- Madre de Dios;
- MINAM;
- Ministry of Environment;
- MINEM;
- Ministry of Energy and Mines;
- SD;
- Supreme Decree;
- SERNANP;
- National Service of Protected Areas