The Variation of Cusp and Nightside O+ Outflow on Storm Time-Scales for Storms with Sawtooth Events

Sawtooth events are repeated injection of energetic particles at geosynchronous orbit. More than 94% of sawtooth events occur during storm times, so storm time conditions such as the increased density and pressure of O+ ions in the plasma sheet may be involved in driving sawtooth oscillations. The plasma sheet is populated with energetic O+ outflow coming from both the dayside cusp and the nightside aurora. In our recent study, we observed that both cusp and nightside O+ outflow can be strong during sawtooth events. In this study we are going to determine how the cusp and nightside O+ outflow change on storm time-scales for storms with sawtooth events. We will compare the cusp and nightside outflow during SIR and CME driven storms to determine whether the different storm drivers lead to different outflow characteristics. To do this, we have identified the times of the initial phase, main phase and recovery phase for each storm. We measure the O+ outflow inside the auroral boundaries during these storms and compare the cusp and nightside O+ outflow flux during each storm phase for CME and SIR storms.