Comprehensive characterization of minerals at extreme conditions

For the past three decades high pressure research has made breakthrough progress in many fields of science mainly due to significant improvements in diamond anvil cell technique, availability of fast gated x-ray detectors, developments of advanced static and dynamic probes. Most of the experiments at ultra-extreme pressure and temperature conditions are very challenging and require dedicated high energy synchrotron beamlines where tightly focused beam is combined with state-of-the-art on-line optical techniques. Such unique capabilities are crucial for studying materials in time domain mode aiming to bridge a gap between dynamic and static experiments and address key questions about structural, thermodynamic, and transport properties essential for understanding the composition, origin, and evolution of planetary systems. With this technique we have successfully studied a number of unique properties of various metastable phases synthesized in-situ at ultra-extreme P-T conditions (metals, silicates, polyhydrides, super-ionic phases of ice etc). Details of recent results and future developments of cutting-edge synchrotron techniques for comprehensive characterization of materials in-situ at extreme conditions in view of planned APS diffraction limited storage ring upgrade will be discussed.