Gravitational waves from transient neutron star f -mode oscillations

During their most recent observing run, LIGO/Virgo reported the gravitational wave (GW) transient S191110af, a burst signal at a frequency of 1.78 kHz that lasted for 0.104 s. While this signal was later deemed nonastrophysical, genuine detections of uncertain origin will occur in the future. Here we study the potential for detecting GWs from neutron star fluid oscillations, which have mode frequency and duration matching those of S191110af and which can be used to constrain the equation of state of nuclear matter. Assuming that such transient oscillations can be excited to energies typical of a pulsar glitch, we use measured properties of known glitching pulsars to estimate the amplitude of GWs produced by such events. We find that current GW detectors may observe nearby pulsars undergoing large events with energy similar to Vela pulsar glitch energies, while next-generation detectors could observe a significant number of events. Finally, we show that it is possible to distinguish between GWs produced by rapidly rotating and slowly rotating pulsars from the imprint of rotation on the f -mode frequency.