JINGLE - IV. Dust, H I gas, and metal scaling laws in the local Universe

Scaling laws of dust, H I gas, and metal mass with stellar mass, specific star formation rate, and metallicity are crucial to our understanding of the build-up of galaxies through their enrichment with metals and dust. In this work, we analyse how the dust and metal content varies with specific gas mass (M_{H I}/M_⋆) across a diverse sample of 423 nearby galaxies. The observed trends are interpreted with a set of Dust and Element evolUtion modelS (DEUS) - including stellar dust production, grain growth, and dust destruction - within a Bayesian framework to enable a rigorous search of the multidimensional parameter space. We find that these scaling laws for galaxies with -1.0 ≲ log M_{H I}/M_⋆ ≲ 0 can be reproduced using closed-box models with high fractions (37-89 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ) of supernova dust surviving a reverse shock, relatively low grain growth efficiencies (ɛ = 30-40), and long dust lifetimes (1-2 Gyr). The models have present-day dust masses with similar contributions from stellar sources (50-80 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ) and grain growth (20-50 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ). Over the entire lifetime of these galaxies, the contribution from stardust (>90 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ) outweighs the fraction of dust grown in the interstellar medium (<10 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ). Our results provide an alternative for the chemical evolution models that require extremely low supernova dust production efficiencies and short grain growth time-scales to reproduce local scaling laws, and could help solving the conundrum on whether or not grains can grow efficiently in the interstellar medium.