Striped Blandford/Znajek jets from advection of small-scale magnetic field
Abstract
Black hole - accretion disc systems are the central engines of relativistic jets from stellar to galactic scales. We numerically quantify the unsteady outgoing Poynting flux through the horizon of a rapidly spinning black hole endowed with a rotating accretion disc. The disc supports small-scale, concentric, flux tubes with zero net magnetic flux. Our general relativistic force-free electrodynamics simulations follow the accretion on to the black hole over several hundred dynamical time-scales in 3D. For the case of counter-rotating accretion discs, the average process efficiency reaches up to <ɛ> ≈ 0.43, compared to a stationary energy extraction by the Blandford/Znajek process. The process efficiency depends on the cross-sectional area of the loops, I.e. on the product l × h, where l is the radial loop thickness and h its vertical scale height. We identify a strong correlation between efficient electromagnetic energy extraction and the quasi-stationary setting of ideal conditions for the operation of the Blandford/Znajek process (e.g. optimal field line angular velocity and fulfillment of the so-called Znajek condition). Remarkably, the energy extraction operates intermittently (alternating episodes of high and low efficiency) without imposing any large-scale magnetic field embedding the central object. Scaling our results to supermassive black holes, we estimate that the typical variability time-scale of the system is of the order of days to months. Such time-scales may account for the longest variability scales of TeV emission observed, e.g. in M87.
- Publication:
-
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Pub Date:
- May 2020
- DOI:
- 10.1093/mnras/staa943
- arXiv:
- arXiv:2001.03171
- Bibcode:
- 2020MNRAS.494.4203M
- Keywords:
-
- accretion;
- accretion discs;
- black hole physics;
- magnetic fields;
- methods: numerical;
- Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
- E-Print:
- 25 pages, 17 figures of which 17 are in color. 1 animated figure. Accepted by MNRAS