CO line and radio continuum study of elephant trunks: the Pillars of Creation in M16

Molecular line and radio continuum properties of the elephant trunks (ET, Pillars of Creation) in M16 are investigated by analysing ¹²CO(J = 1-0) , ¹³CO(J = 1-0) and C¹⁸O(J = 1-0) line survey data from the Nobeyama 45-m telescope and the Galactic plane radio survey at 20 and 90 cm with the Very Large Array. The head clump of Pillar West I is found to be the brightest radio source in M16, showing a thermal spectrum and the properties of a compact H II region, with the nearest O5 star in NGC 6611 being the heating source. The radio pillars have a cometary structure concave to the molecular trunk head, and the surface brightness distribution obeys a simple illumination law from a remote excitation source. The molecular density in the pillar head is estimated to be several 10⁴ H₂ cm^-3 and the molecular mass is ∼ 13-40 M_⊙. CO-line kinematics reveals random rotation of the clumps in the pillar tail at ∼1-2 km s^-1, comparable with the velocity dispersion and estimated Alfvén velocity. It is suggested that the random directions of the velocity gradients would manifest as torsional magnetic oscillation of the clumps around the pillar axis.