A consensus-based robust secondary voltage and frequency control scheme for islanded microgrids

This paper deals with the problem of designing a fully-distributed and robust secondary control scheme for voltage and frequency restoration of islanded microgrids along with real power sharing. Compared to the existing developments in this topic, the proposed multi-agent consensus-based secondary control scheme takes into account the effects of model uncertainty, parameter variation and unmodelled dynamics and thereby, offers a certain degree of robustness against all these factors. Due to virtue of the fully-distributed control configuration, each distributed generating (DG) unit in a microgrid requires only the information of its own and some of its neighbours but not of all other DG units attached to that microgrid. This helps in reducing the bandwidth requirement and cost of the underlying communication network and also causes enhanced flexibility and reliability of the overall microgrid operation. The proposed scheme counteracts any fluctuation in the terminal voltage and frequency of the DG units and also facilitates real power sharing among them at a pre-specified ratio despite the time-varying load disturbances, various power line faults, communication delays, etc. Finally, an exhaustive case study on a prototype IEEE 14-bus microgrid system containing five DG units has been accomplished to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed scheme.