Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter
Abstract
Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter has, in the past decade, transitioned from a theoretical idea to an experimental reality. It is a new regime of quantum light-matter interaction, which goes beyond weak and strong coupling to make the coupling strength comparable to the transition frequencies in the system. The achievement of weak and strong coupling has led to increased control of quantum systems and to applications such as lasers, quantum sensing, and quantum information processing. Here we review the theory of quantum systems with ultrastrong coupling, discussing entangled ground states with virtual excitations, new avenues for nonlinear optics, and connections to several important physical models. We also overview the multitude of experimental setups, including superconducting circuits, organic molecules, semiconductor polaritons, and optomechanical systems, that have now achieved ultrastrong coupling. We conclude by discussing the many potential applications that these achievements enable in physics and chemistry.
- Publication:
-
Nature Reviews Physics
- Pub Date:
- January 2019
- DOI:
- 10.1038/s42254-018-0006-2
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1807.11636
- Bibcode:
- 2019NatRP...1...19F
- Keywords:
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- Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics;
- Quantum Physics
- E-Print:
- Review article. 26 pages, 7+1 figures, 3 boxes, 1 table