Thermal, structural and magnetic properties of TeO2-MgO-Na2O-Nd2O3 glass system with NiO nanoparticles

In this work, we have five samples of NiO Nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in tellurite glass system of composition Neodymium doped tellurite nanostructured glass having a composition of (72.5-x)TeO₂-15MgO-10Na₂O-2.5Nd₂O₃-(x)NiO, x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mol% has successfully been completed by melt-quenching procedure. Structure of crystallization is determined using XRD technique verifies amorphous natures of produced glass. Differential thermal stability analyser (DTA-Parkin-Elmer) is utilized to illustrate the thermal stability of a sample at a temperature ranged from 300 to 600 °C. A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is used to detect the presence of NiO NPs and High-Resolution Transmission Microscope (HRTEM) is utilizing to measure the d-spacing of the NPs. The structure in glass network is identified by FT-IR and Raman spectrometer. The elemental trace in the glass sample is detected using the energy dispersive of X-ray (EDX) analysis. Meanwhile, magnetization measurements are carried out using Variable sample magnetometer (VSM). The transition temperature, T_g is found at 388 °C, the melting temperature T_m is ranged at 530-540 °C depending on composition while the thermal stability is around 117 °C. The structural and magnetic properties of the glass samples are observed to be delicate to NiO NPs concentration variations. The d-spacing at (111) plane having a size of 0.24 nm proves the presence of NiO NPs. The glass network contains of bending vibrations of Te-O-Te linkages centred at 448 cm^-1which is also the stretching band of NiO mode. It is also found that the glass structure is dominated with the existence of TeO₃, TeO₃₊₁ and TeO₄ tribypiramidal. The glass system reveals paramagnetic behaviour by magnetic hysteresis at room temperature with Hc values were observed to be decreased from 610 ± 30.5 to 139 ± 6.95 (Oe) and ratio of (Mr/Ms) from 0.153 ± 0.008 to 0.071 ± 0.004with the increase of NiO NPs concentration.