Multi-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Weather, Seasonal, Sub-Seasonal and Climate Variability and Trends.

We present evidence that atmospheric and oceanic temporal multi-scale variability are the result of a mix of frequency and amplitude modulated nonlinear and non-stationary phenomena that occur simultaneously. We harvest atmospheric temperature, oceanic temperature, coastal water level and atmospheric wind data from United States and United Kingdom agency archives and decompose the nonlinear and non-stationary data to reveal a continua of well-defined, modulated, internal modes of oscillations, each with broad spectral peaks and each representative of naturally occurring phenomena. . We propose that the conventional notions of weather and seasonal to sub-seasonal to climate variability, constitute an over-lapping continuum, with shorter period oscillations commuting with longer period oscillations onto overall record length trends. We relate these internal modes of variability to naturally occurring causal agents, from relatively high frequency weather to lower frequency seasonal to sub-seasonal to climate scale variability and on to anthropogenic induced climate change. Correlative relationships between climate factors reveal causal couplings of the oceanic and atmospheric systems.