Spatio-temporal relationship between potential habitat of insect pollinators and flowering plants in South Korea

Habitat is migrated by climate change which affects physiology. Climate transmutes competitiveness of species and regional characteristics that various species have adapted during long period. The latest trend for climate change is moving serious to cause extinction of creatures and decreasing for distributional range. Almost plant species could not catch up the preferred climate niche even there is no human impact as land cover change. On the other hand, importance of organism that consists global environment is growing, especially biodiversity and richness to maintain sustainable resource management. Phenology is one of a typical phenomenon to appear the climate impact. Phenology represents the vital phenomena (winter bud, flowering, ripening, yellowed leaves, fallen leaves) according to the seasonal change of temperature and precipitation. Climate change is main factor that disturbs phenological time. It could be various changes; mismatch between plant flowering and active period of pollen insect, differences of flowering time interval, delayed seed formation. The seasonal change both plant and insect is trigger factor to decrease species survival and diversity. Butterflies and bees are main pollinators in South Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, northern insects preferred cold weather have retreated, southern species optimized warm weather have extended based on research of Gwangneung forest. Organic relationship between phenology and activity period of pollinator should be considered both time and space, however the greater part of previous studies focus on only each field yet. This study aims to predict distribution and appearance for artenkreis groups consisting plants and pollinators according to climate change using spatio-temporal analysis with species distribution models.