Power-to-Methane: A state-of-the-art review

Power-to-Methane is a concept that converts electrical into chemical energy using CO₂ and H₂O. The concept brings the possibility of connecting the power grid to different sectors, where CH₄ is needed such as mobility and industry. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of Power-to-Methane is presented. The Power-to-Methane process chain is described in detail. Fundamentals of water electrolysis are highlighted and cell technologies are discussed and assessed. CO₂ sources are pointed out, CO₂ separation technologies are depicted and compared, and some separation projects worldwide are listed. Thermodynamics of methanation process is analyzed; catalysts and reactors used are descripted and evaluated. Finally, Power-to-Methane plants in operation and construction are addressed.