A Long Decay of X-Ray Flux and Spectral Evolution in the Supersoft Active Galactic Nucleus GSN 069
Abstract
GSN 069 is an optically identified very low-mass active galactic nuclei (AGN) that shows supersoft X-ray emission. The source is known to exhibit a huge X-ray outburst, with flux increased by more than a factor of ∼240 compared to the quiescence state. We report its long-term evolution in the X-ray flux and spectral variations over a timescale of ∼decade, using both new and archival X-ray observations from the XMM-Newton and Swift. The new Swift observations detected the source in its lowest level of X-ray activity since the outburst, a factor of ∼4 lower in the 0.2-2 keV flux than that obtained with the XMM-Newton observations nearly eight years ago. Combining with the historical X-ray measurements, we find that the X-ray flux is decreasing slowly. There seemed to be spectral softening associated with the drop of X-ray flux. In addition, we find evidence for the presence of a weak, variable, hard X-ray component, in addition to the dominant thermal blackbody emission reported before. The long decay of X-ray flux and spectral evolution, as well as the supersoft X-ray spectra, suggest that the source could be a tidal disruption event (TDE), though a highly variable AGN cannot be fully ruled out. Further continued X-ray monitoring would be required to test the TDE interpretation, by better determining the flux evolution in the decay phase.
- Publication:
-
The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- April 2018
- DOI:
- 10.3847/2041-8213/aaba17
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1809.00319
- Bibcode:
- 2018ApJ...857L..16S
- Keywords:
-
- accretion;
- accretion disks;
- black hole physics;
- X-rays: galaxies;
- X-rays: individual: GSN 069;
- Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
- E-Print:
- 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published in the ApJ letters