A 2-D Io Torus Physical Chemistry Model that Combines Latitudinal and Radial Variations

Io emits volcanic gases into space at a rate of about a ton per second. The gases become ionized and trapped in Jupiter's strong magnetic field, forming a torus of plasma that emits 2 terawatts of UV emissions. In recent work re-analyzing UV emissions observed by Voyager, Galileo, & Cassini, we found plasma conditions consistent with a physical chemistry model with a neutral source of dissociated sulfur dioxide from Io. We are developing a 2-D torus physical chemistry model that combines latitudinal and radial variations assuming azimuthal symmetry. We will match the physical chemistry model output with plasma conditions derived from analysis of UV and visible observations using our spectral emission model. We will compare with UV spectroscopic observations from Cassini, JAXA's Hisaki mission, and ground based optical observations from Apache Point observatory. We correlate the oxygen to sulfur ratio of the neutral source with volcanic eruptions to understand the change in magnetospheric plasma conditions. Our goal is to better understand and constrain both the temporal and spatial variability of the flow of mass and energy from Io's volcanic atmosphere to Jupiter's dynamic magnetosphere.