Regional Aerosol Impacts in India from Local and Non-Local Sources and their Implications for Emissions Accounting

India is both a hotspot of regional air pollution emissions (including aerosols, ozone, and their precursors), as well as a densely-populated agricultural breadbasket and rapidly growing economy. Local emissions and climate conditions thus have important local impacts that suggest large benefits to mitigation. However, Indian emissions also have large impacts elsewhere due to direct transport and larger-scale interactions with the general circulation; India is also sensitive to emissions from other regions, both due to physical parameters (how the climate responds to regional emissions) and social parameters (distribution of exposed areas and populations). Here we show how aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions from India and elsewhere produce local and non-local damages, and how such estimates can be used to understand both optimal accounting strategies and potential formation of mitigation "clubs".