Geodetic Imaging of the 2018 Kilauea Volcano Eruption

The 2018 Kīauea Volcano eruption, observed every three days since May 2^nd by ESA's Sentinel-1 satellites, provides an unprecedented opportunity to geodetically image volcanic and tectonic deformation in near-real time. Using open source software GMTSAR, we processed all ascending and descending Sentinel-1A and 1B InSAR line-of-sight (LOS) data for the Big Island of Hawai'i since the start of the eruption, and have been actively providing these data to the scientific community as they become available (http://pgf.soest.hawaii.edu/Kilauea_insar/). Here we present and interpret LOS deformation time-series models, which combine GPS point displacement measurements with the InSAR LOS displacement spanning a 3-month period (see Xu et al., this meeting). These data provide critical modeling constraints of the evolving deformation of the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption from several sources: (1) the April 30^th collapse of Pu'u 'Ō'ō crater, (2) the May 1^st dike intrusion, propagation, and subsequent contraction of the lower East Rift Zone that extends from Púu ´Ō´ō to the Leilani Estates region, (3) sprawling deformation from the May 4^th M_w6.9 Leilani Estates thrust earthquakealong the south flank region (subsidence and southeast-directed displacement in excess of 0.3 m and 0.8 m, respectively), and (4) continuous deflation of Kīlauea's summit region (at least 0.5 m at distances exceeding 5 km from the summit crater, and significantly larger amounts of subsidence within the crater) as large volumes of magma are withdrawn. Moreover, these observations are critical for near-real-time hazard analyses and highlight the need for monitoring surface deformation over a wide range of space and time scales.