Physical inversion of the full IASI spectra: Assessment of atmospheric parameters retrievals, consistency of spectroscopy and forward modelling

Spectra observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) have been used to assess both retrievals and the spectral quality and consistency of current forward models and spectroscopic databases for atmospheric gas line and continuum absorption. The analysis has been performed with thousands of observed spectra over sea surface in the Pacific Ocean close to the Mauna Loa (Hawaii) validation station. A simultaneous retrieval for surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, H₂O, HDO, O₃ profiles and gas average column abundance of CO₂, CO, CH₄, SO₂, N₂O, HNO₃, NH₃, OCS and CF₄ has been performed and compared to in situ observations. The retrieval system considers the full IASI spectrum (all 8461 spectral channels on the range 645-2760 cm^-1). We have found that the average column amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases can be retrieved with a precision better than 1% in most cases. The analysis of spectral residuals shows that, after inversion, they are generally reduced to within the IASI radiometric noise. However, larger residuals still appear for many of the most abundant gases, namely H₂O, CH₄ and CO₂. The H₂O ν₂ spectral region is in general warmer (higher radiance) than observations. The CO₂ν₂ and N₂O/CO₂ν₃ spectral regions now show a consistent behavior for channels, which are probing the troposphere. Updates in CH₄ spectroscopy do not seem to improve the residuals. The effect of isotopic fractionation of HDO is evident in the 2500-2760 cm^-1 region and in the atmospheric window around 1200 cm^-1.