NLTE Analysis of High-Resolution H-band Spectra. I. Neutral Silicon

We investigated the reliability of our silicon atomic model and the influence of non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) on the formation of neutral silicon (Si I) lines in the near-infrared (near-IR) H-band. We derived the differential Si abundances for 13 sample stars with high-resolution H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), as well as from optical spectra, both under local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) and NLTE conditions. We found that the differences between the Si abundances derived from the H-band and from optical lines for the same stars are less than 0.1 dex when the NLTE effects are included, and that NLTE reduces the line-to-line scatter in the H-band spectra for most sample stars. These results suggest that our Si atomic model is appropriate for studying the formation of H-band Si lines. Our calculations show that the NLTE corrections of the Si I H-band lines are negative, I.e., the final Si abundances will be overestimated in LTE. The corrections for strong lines depend on surface gravity, and tend to be larger for giants, reaching ∼-0.2 dex in our sample, and up to ∼-0.4 dex in extreme cases of APOGEE targets. Thus, the NLTE effects should be included in deriving silicon abundances from H-band Si I lines, especially for the cases where only strong lines are available.

Based on observations collected with the 2.16 m telescope at Xinglong station, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 2.2 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory, the 1.88 m reflector at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, the Kitt Peak coudé feed telescope, and the McMath-Pierce solar telescope and the coudé focus of the Mayall 4 m reflector at Kitt Peak.