Critical Layers and Protoplanetary Disk Turbulence
Abstract
A linear analysis of the zombie vortex instability (ZVI) is performed in a stratified shearing sheet setting for three model barotropic shear flows. The linear analysis is done by utilizing a Green’s function formulation to resolve the critical layers of the associated normal-mode problem. The instability is the result of a resonant interaction between a Rossby wave and a gravity wave that we refer to as Z-modes. The associated critical layer is the location where the Doppler-shifted frequency of a distant Rossby wave equals the local Brunt-Väisälä frequency. The minimum required Rossby number for instability, {\mathtt{Ro}}=0.2, is confirmed for parameter values reported in the literature. It is also found that the shear layer supports the instability in the limit where stratification vanishes. The ZVI is examined in a jet model, finding that the instability can occur for {\mathtt{Ro}}=0.05. Nonlinear vorticity forcing due to unstable Z-modes is shown to result in the creation of a jet flow at the critical layer emerging as the result of the competition between the vertical lifting of perturbation radial vorticity and the radial transport of perturbation vertical vorticity. We find that the picture of this instability leading to a form of nonlinearly driven self-replicating pattern of creation and destruction is warranted: a parent jet spawns a growing child jet at associated critical layers. A mature child jet creates a next generation of child jets at associated critical layers of the former while simultaneously contributing to its own destruction via the Rossby wave instability.
- Publication:
-
The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- October 2016
- DOI:
- 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/95
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1601.00382
- Bibcode:
- 2016ApJ...830...95U
- Keywords:
-
- hydrodynamics;
- instabilities;
- protoplanetary disks;
- turbulence;
- waves;
- Physics - Fluid Dynamics;
- Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- Accepted to ApJ (25 pages). Results of previously appearing versions unchanged. Changes and additions include: updated references and nomenclature, viscous solutions added, higher resolution solutions displayed, expanded discussion, and shortened abstract