Quark-novae Occurring in Massive Binaries : A Universal Energy Source in Superluminous Supernovae with Double-peaked Light Curves
Abstract
A quark-nova (QN; the sudden transition from a neutron star into a quark star), which occurs in the second common envelope (CE) phase of a massive binary, gives excellent fits to superluminous, hydrogen-poor, supernovae (SLSNe) with double-peaked light curves, including DES13S2cmm, SN 2006oz, and LSQ14bdq (http://www.quarknova.ca/LCGallery.html). In our model, the H envelope of the less massive companion is ejected during the first CE phase, while the QN occurs deep inside the second, He-rich, CE phase after the CE has expanded in size to a radius of a few tens to a few thousands of solar radii; this yields the first peak in our model. The ensuing merging of the quark star with the CO core leads to black hole formation and accretion, explaining the second long-lasting peak. We study a sample of eight SLSNe Ic with double-humped light curves. Our model provides good fits to all of these, with a universal explosive energy of 2 × 1052 erg (which is the kinetic energy of the QN ejecta) for the first hump. The late-time emissions seen in iPTF13ehe and LSQ14bdq are fit with a shock interaction between the outgoing He-rich (I.e., second) CE and the previously ejected H-rich (I.e., first) CE.
- Publication:
-
The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- February 2016
- DOI:
- 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/77
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1510.06135
- Bibcode:
- 2016ApJ...818...77O
- Keywords:
-
- circumstellar matter;
- stars: evolution;
- stars: winds;
- outflows;
- supernovae: general;
- supernovae: individual: iPTF13ehe;
- LSQ14bdq;
- Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
- E-Print:
- Accepted for Publication in ApJ, 7 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables (Original: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table), New title, Model applied successfully to 6 more double-peaked SLSNe. Related papers: arXiv:1505.05764 and arXiv:1502.06892 . See http://www.quarknova.ca/LCGallery.html for more QN fits to other double-humped SLSNe