Monopole Excitations of a Harmonically Trapped One-Dimensional Bose Gas from the Ideal Gas to the Tonks-Girardeau Regime

Using a time-dependent modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (MNLSE)—where the conventional chemical potential proportional to the density is replaced by the one inferred from Lieb-Liniger's exact solution—we study frequencies of the collective monopole excitations of a one-dimensional Bose gas. We find that our method accurately reproduces the results of a recent experimental study [E. Haller et al., Science 325, 1224 (2009)] in the full spectrum of interaction regimes from the ideal gas, through the mean-field regime, through the mean-field Thomas-Fermi regime, all the way to the Tonks-Giradeau gas. While the former two are accessible by the standard time-dependent NLSE and inaccessible by the time-dependent local density approximation, the situation reverses in the latter case. However, the MNLSE is shown to treat all these regimes within a single numerical method.