Effect of UV Radiation on the Spectral Fingerprints of Earth-like Planets Orbiting M Stars
Abstract
We model the atmospheres and spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting the entire grid of M dwarfs for active and inactive stellar models with Teff = 2300 K to Teff = 3800 K and for six observed MUSCLES M dwarfs with UV radiation data. We set the Earth-like planets at the 1 AU equivalent distance and show spectra from the visible to IR (0.4-20 μm) to compare detectability of features in different wavelength ranges with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future ground- and spaced-based missions to characterize exo-Earths. We focus on the effect of UV activity levels on detectable atmospheric features that indicate habitability on Earth, namely, H2O, O3, CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl. To observe signatures of life—O2/O3 in combination with reducing species like CH4—we find that early and active M dwarfs are the best targets of the M star grid for future telescopes. The O2 spectral feature at 0.76 μm is increasingly difficult to detect in reflected light of later M dwarfs owing to low stellar flux in that wavelength region. N2O, another biosignature detectable in the IR, builds up to observable concentrations in our planetary models around M dwarfs with low UV flux. CH3Cl could become detectable, depending on the depth of the overlapping N2O feature. We present a spectral database of Earth-like planets around cool stars for directly imaged planets as a framework for interpreting future light curves, direct imaging, and secondary eclipse measurements of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone to design and assess future telescope capabilities.
- Publication:
-
The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- August 2015
- DOI:
- 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/57
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1506.07202
- Bibcode:
- 2015ApJ...809...57R
- Keywords:
-
- astrobiology;
- planets and satellites: atmospheres;
- planets and satellites: terrestrial planets;
- stars: low-mass;
- Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- in press, ApJ (submitted August 18, 2014), 16 pages, 12 figures