Spatial Structures in the Globular Cluster Distribution of the 10 Brightest Virgo Galaxies

We report the discovery of significant localized structures in the projected two-dimensional spatial distributions of the Globular Cluster (GC) systems of the 10 brightest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. We use catalogs of GCs extracted from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Virgo Cluster Survey (ACSVCS) imaging data, complemented, when available, by additional archival ACS data. These structures have projected sizes ranging from ∼5″ to a few arcminutes (∼1 to ∼25 kpc). Their morphologies range from localized, circular to coherent, complex shapes resembling arcs and streams. The largest structures are preferentially aligned with the major axis of the host galaxy. A few relatively smaller structures follow the minor axis. Differences in the shape and significance of the GC structures can be noticed by investigating the spatial distribution of GCs grouped by color and luminosity. The largest coherent GC structures are located in low-density regions within the Virgo cluster. This trend is more evident in the red GC population, which is believed to form in mergers involving late-type galaxies. We suggest that GC over-densities may be driven by either accretion of satellite galaxies, major dissipationless mergers, or wet dissipation mergers. We discuss caveats to these scenarios, and estimate the masses of the potential progenitors galaxies. These masses range in the interval {{10}^8.5}-{{10}^9.5} {{M}_⊙ }, larger than those of the Local Group dwarf galaxies.