Small-world networks of Kuramoto oscillators

The Kuramoto model of coupled phase oscillators on small-world (SW) graphs is analyzed in this work. When the number of oscillators in the network goes to infinity, the model acquires a family of steady state solutions of degree q, called q-twisted states. We show that this class of solutions plays an important role in the formation of spatial patterns in the Kuramoto model on SW graphs. In particular, the analysis of q-twisted states elucidates the role of long-range random connections in shaping the attractors in this model. We develop two complementary approaches for studying q-twisted states in the coupled oscillator model on SW graphs: linear stability analysis and numerical continuation. The former approach shows that long-range random connections in the SW graphs promote synchronization and yields the estimate of the synchronization rate as a function of the SW randomization parameter. The continuation shows that the increase of the long-range connections results in patterns consisting of one or several plateaus separated by sharp interfaces. These results elucidate the pattern formation mechanisms in nonlocally coupled dynamical systems on random graphs.