Gravitational wave signatures from low-mode spiral instabilities in rapidly rotating supernova cores

We study properties of gravitational waves (GWs) from the rotating core collapse of a 15M⊙ star by performing three-dimensional general-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with an approximate neutrino transport. By parametrically changing the precollapse angular momentum, we focus on the effects of rotation on the GW signatures in the early postbounce evolution. Regarding three-flavor neutrino transport, we solve the energy-averaged set of radiation energy and momentum based on the Thorne's momentum formalism. In addition to the gravitational quadrupole radiation from matter motions, we take into account GWs from anisotropic neutrino emission. With these computations, our results present supporting evidence for the previous anticipation that nonaxisymmetric instabilities play an essential role in determining the postbounce GW signatures. During prompt convection, we find that the waveforms show narrow-band and highly quasiperiodic signals which persist until the end of simulations. We point out that such features reflect the growth of the one-armed spiral modes. The typical frequency of the quasiperiodic waveforms can be well explained by the propagating acoustic waves between the stalled shock and the rotating proto-neutron star surface, which suggests the appearance of the standing-accretion-shock instability. Although the GW signals exhibit strong variability between the two polarizations and different observer directions, they are within the detection limits of next-generation detectors such as KAGRA and Advanced LIGO, if the source with sufficient angular momentum is located in our Galaxy.