Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)

First phylogenetic reconstruction to include the majority of Fritillaria species. Three plastid regions sequenced in 115 species, and 11 nuclear regions screened. Monophyly of all but one of the currently recognised subgenera is supported. Polyphyly of the largest subgenus, Fritillaria, has implications for medicinal use. Subgenus Japonica, species of which have genomes >85Gb, is sister to Rhinopetalum.