MOSFIRE Absorption Line Spectroscopy of z > 2 Quiescent Galaxies: Probing a Period of Rapid Size Growth
Abstract
Using the MOSFIRE near-infrared multi-slit spectrograph on the Keck 1 Telescope, we have secured high signal-to-noise ratio absorption line spectra for six massive galaxies with redshift 2 < z < 2.5. Five of these galaxies lie on the red sequence and show signatures of passive stellar populations in their rest-frame optical spectra. By fitting broadened spectral templates we have determined stellar velocity dispersions and, with broad-band Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer photometry and imaging, stellar masses and effective radii. Using this enlarged sample of galaxies, we confirm earlier suggestions that quiescent galaxies at z > 2 have small sizes and large velocity dispersions compared to local galaxies of similar stellar mass. The dynamical masses are in very good agreement with stellar masses (log M */M dyn = -0.02 ± 0.03), although the average stellar-to-dynamical mass ratio is larger than that found at lower redshift (-0.23 ± 0.05). By assuming evolution at fixed velocity dispersion, not only do we confirm a surprisingly rapid rate of size growth but we also consider the necessary evolutionary track on the mass-size plane and find a slope α = dlog Re /dlog M * >~ 2 inconsistent with most numerical simulations of minor mergers. Both results suggest an additional mechanism may be required to explain the size growth of early galaxies.
- Publication:
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The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- June 2014
- DOI:
- 10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L29
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1404.4872
- Bibcode:
- 2014ApJ...788L..29B
- Keywords:
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- galaxies: evolution;
- galaxies: fundamental parameters;
- galaxies: high-redshift;
- galaxies: structure;
- Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
- E-Print:
- Updated to match the published version