Three Classes of Newtonian Three-Body Planar Periodic Orbits

We present the results of a numerical search for periodic orbits of three equal masses moving in a plane under the influence of Newtonian gravity, with zero angular momentum. A topological method is used to classify periodic three-body orbits into families, which fall into four classes, with all three previously known families belonging to one class. The classes are defined by the orbits’ geometric and algebraic symmetries. In each class we present a few orbits’ initial conditions, 15 in all; 13 of these correspond to distinct orbits.