Observation of the Kibble-Zurek scaling law for defect formation in ion crystals
Abstract
Traversal of a symmetry-breaking phase transition at finite rates can lead to causally separated regions with incompatible symmetries and the formation of defects at their boundaries, which has a crucial role in quantum and statistical mechanics, cosmology and condensed matter physics. This mechanism is conjectured to follow universal scaling laws prescribed by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Here we determine the scaling law for defect formation in a crystal of 16 laser-cooled trapped ions, which are conducive to the precise control of structural phases and the detection of defects. The experiment reveals an exponential scaling of defect formation γβ, where γ is the rate of traversal of the critical point and β=2.68±0.06. This supports the prediction of β=8/3≈2.67 for finite inhomogeneous systems. Our result demonstrates that the scaling laws also apply in the mesoscopic regime and emphasizes the potential for further tests of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with ion crystals.
- Publication:
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Nature Communications
- Pub Date:
- August 2013
- DOI:
- 10.1038/ncomms3290
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1302.5343
- Bibcode:
- 2013NatCo...4.2290U
- Keywords:
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- Quantum Physics;
- Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
- E-Print:
- Nature Communications 4, 2290 (2013)